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IMPORTANT NOTE: We have maintained the originally published taxonomic designation for each specimen despite the fact that many of these specimens have been reclassified since.  We chose to follow this protocol because of the difficulty in keeping up to date with all of the taxonomic groups, and our hesitancy to make a judgement call on taxonomic debates.  As such, please search the database with this in mind, perhaps using higher level taxonomic classifications for your query.

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410 specimens found
Image Spec # CODI Database ID Arch. Locality Geo. Locality Elements Preserved Excavation Date Repository Bed Level Stratigraphic Horizon Bibliographic Information Curatorial Notes ID By ID Date Research Team In Situ Sediment or Matrix Adhering Class Order Suborder Infraorder Superfamily Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Species Subspecies Taxonomic Notes Taxonomic Problems
01. R. M4-483 3625 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-484 3626 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-485 3627 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-486 3628 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-487 3629 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-488 3630 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-489 3631 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-490 3632 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-491 3633 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-494 3636 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-495 3637 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-496 3638 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-497 3639 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-498 3640 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-499 3641 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-500 3642 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-501 3643 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-502 3644 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M5-525 3667 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M5-526 3668 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M6-530 3672 L-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. K-536 3677 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. K-537 3678 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
01. R. M4-561 3692 R-MAX-f, M 104 - Unknown I Jaeger, J.J. 1976. Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d’Olduvai Bed I (Tanzanie) 1ere Partie: Les Murides. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:58-120. This species is found at FLK NNI layers 2 and 3; FLK NI layers 1-6; FLK I. It is unclear where individual specimens were recovered. 153 - J. Jaeger Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Aethomys lavocati No
OVPP-Otomys 11 3865 5 - FLK MAX-f, (n=16), M, (n=48) I Denys, C. 1989. Phylogenetic affinities of the oldest East African Otomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Olduvai Bed I (Pleistocene, Tanzania). Neues Jahrbuch f Maxillary fragments have M1, M2 and M3. Author states that specimens come from FLKI, FLKNNI layers K, L2, L3, FLKNI layers M1-M6 but does not specify which specimen came from where. Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Otomyini Otomys petteri No
OVPP-Otomys 12 3866 5 - FLK MAX-f, (n=15), M, (n=30) I Denys, C. 1989. Phylogenetic affinities of the oldest East African Otomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Olduvai Bed I (Pleistocene, Tanzania). Neues Jahrbuch f Maxilla fragments have M1 and M2. Author states that specimens come from FLKI, FLKNNI layers K, L2, L3, FLKNI layers M1-M6 but does not specify which specimen came from where. Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Otomyini Otomys petteri No
OVPP-Otomys 13 3867 5 - FLK MAX-f, (n=12), M, (n=24) I Denys, C. 1989. Phylogenetic affinities of the oldest East African Otomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Olduvai Bed I (Pleistocene, Tanzania). Neues Jahrbuch f Maxilla fragments have M2 and M3. Author states that specimens come from FLKI, FLKNNI layers K, L2, L3, FLKNI layers M1-M6 but does not specify which specimen came from where. Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Otomyini Otomys petteri No
OVPP-Otomys 14 3868 5 - FLK MAX-f, (n=9), M, (n=9) I Denys, C. 1989. Phylogenetic affinities of the oldest East African Otomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Olduvai Bed I (Pleistocene, Tanzania). Neues Jahrbuch f Maxilla fragments have M1. Author states that specimens come from FLKI, FLKNNI layers K, L2, L3, FLKNI layers M1-M6 but does not specify which specimen came from where. Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Otomyini Otomys petteri No
OVPP-Otomys 15 3869 5 - FLK MAX-f, (n=22), M, (n=22) I Denys, C. 1989. Phylogenetic affinities of the oldest East African Otomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Olduvai Bed I (Pleistocene, Tanzania). Neues Jahrbuch f Maxilla fragments have M2. Author states that specimens come from FLKI, FLKNNI layers K, L2, L3, FLKNI layers M1-M6 but does not specify which specimen came from where. Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Otomyini Otomys petteri No
OVPP-Otomys 16 3870 5 - FLK MAX-f, (n=5) I Denys, C. 1989. Phylogenetic affinities of the oldest East African Otomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Olduvai Bed I (Pleistocene, Tanzania). Neues Jahrbuch f Maxilla fragments have M3. Author states that specimens come from FLKI, FLKNNI layers K, L2, L3, FLKNI layers M1-M6 but does not specify which specimen came from where. Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Otomyini Otomys petteri No
OVPP-Otomys 20 3967 5 - FLK MAN-f, (n=185), M, (n=187), MAX-f, (n=80) I K,1,2,3; M1-6 Denys, C. 1989. Phylogenetic affinities of the oldest East African Otomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Olduvai Bed I (Pleistocene, Tanzania). Neues Jahrbuch f Mandible assemblage consists of 41 with M/123, 78 with M/12, 4 with M/23, 61 with M/1, 1 with M/2. Molar assemblage consists of 62 M/1, 28 M1/, 26 M2/ and 71 M3/. Maxilla assemblage consists of 16 with M123/, 13 with M12/, 12 with M23/, 22 with M2/, 5 with M3/. 157 - L. Hlusko 2012/6/28 Unknown Mammalia Rodentia Myomorpha Myodonta Muroidea Muridae Murinae Otomyini Otomys No
OVPP-Papio 1 26 SKULL, CRA, MAX 1913 104 - Unknown II Leakey LSB. 1965. Olduvai Gorge 1951-1961, Volume 1: Fauna and Background. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. The assignment to Bed 2 is based on the author's analysis though he does not seem certain. The skull is from a juvenile. 131 - A. Remane 1925 264 - Leakey family expedition Unknown Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Cercopithecoidea Cercopithecidae Cercopithecinae Papionini Papio sp. No
OVPP-Papio 2 245 6 - FLK NN CRA, MAX 1962 104 - Unknown I middle 2, 3 Leakey LSB. 1965. Olduvai Gorge 1951-1961, Volume 1: Fauna and Background. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Skull is severely crushed. 130 - L.S.B. Leakey 264 - Leakey family expedition Unknown Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Cercopithecoidea Cercopithecidae Cercopithecinae Papionini Papio indet. No
M. 18779 1312 39 - MRC R-MAX-f 106 - Natural History Museum UK (?) II Upper, surface? Jolly, C. J. 1972. The classification and natural history of Theropithecus (Simopithecus)(Andrews, 1916), baboons of the African Plio-Pleistocene: British Museum (Natural History) 146 - C. J. Jolly Yes Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Cercopithecoidea Cercopithecidae Cercopithecinae Papionini Theropithecus gelada No
M. 14681 1313 L-MAX-f, L-M, L-P 106 - Natural History Museum UK (?) II Hopwood, A. 1934. New fossil mammals from Olduvai, Tanganyika territory. Annals of the Magazine of Natural History. 10: 546-550. This specimen is pictured in plate 14b and 14c (Jolly, 1972). 293 - A.T. Hopwood Unknown Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Cercopithecoidea Cercopithecidae Cynocephalinae Simopithecus leakeyi This specimen was reclassified as aff. Theropithecus by Jolly (1972). No
S. 193 3117 24 - DK MAX-f, P, M 1969 104 - Unknown I Leakey, M., and Leakey, R. 1976. Further Cercopithecinae (Mammalia, Primates) from the Plio/Pleistocene of East Africa. Fossil vertebrates of Africa 4:121-146. 142 - M. D. Leakey 264 - Leakey family expedition Unknown Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Cercopithecoidea Cercopithecidae Cercopithecinae Papionini Papio sp. No
068/6514 3711 34 - MLK CRA, MAX-f, R/L-P, R/L-M 104 - Unknown II middle Leakey, M. G., and Leakey, R. E. F. 1973. Pleistocene Colobinae from East Africa. Leakey, L. S. B., Savage, R. J. G., Coryndon, S. C., eds. In: Fossil Vertebrates of Africa,vol. 3. London: Academic Pr This specimen is pictured in plate 3. 154 - Leakey and Leakey 264 - Leakey family expedition Unknown Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Cercopithecoidea Cercopithecidae Colobinae Colobini Cercopithecoides kimeui Holotype No
OH 5 3713 5 - FLK 283 - 45 CRA , MAX , M , I , C , P 17 July - 6 August 1959 122 - National Museum and House of Culture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania I Middle (Zinj.) 22 feet below the upper limit of Bed I (Tuff IF), approximately 20 feet above basalt. Leakey, L. S. B. 1959. A new fossil skull from Olduvai. Nature 184:491-493. Holotype. Almost complete cranium. Adolescent. One reconstructed fossil found at House of Culture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Specimen previously housed at National Museum of Kenya. Additional pieces from NMK unpublished. 142 - M. D. Leakey 264 - Leakey family expedition Yes Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Hominoidea Hominidae Zinjanthropus boisei Holotype. This specimen was reclassified as Paranthropus boisei by Robinson (1960). No
OH 11 3726 24 - DK 285 - 13 PAL , L-MAX-f , TOOTH-f 1962 122 - National Museum and House of Culture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Ndutu Lower Found in stream bed at bottom of gully near DK excavations. See curatorial notes for details. Leakey MD. (1971) Olduvai Gorge, Vol. 3: excavations in Beds I & II 1960-1963. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Left half of palate and maxillary arch, crowns of teeth not preserved. "It is thus impossible to assign to any stratigraphic level, although the condition of the bone, which bears a pinkish tinge, is similar to that seen in fossil bones from a conglomerate at the head of the DK gully belonging to the lower Ndutu Beds" (Leakey MD, 1971:230). Specimen previously housed at National Museum of Kenya. 154 - Leakey and Leakey 264 - Leakey family expedition No Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Hominoidea Hominidae Homininae Hominini Homo sp. No
OH 12 3727 18 - VEK 286 - 86 OCC , L/R-PAR , L/R-TEM-f , CRA-f , L-PAL , L-MAX , TOOTH-f 1962 122 - National Museum and House of Culture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania IV? a Surface. Found on eroded slope of Bed III. L-TEM-f from just below marker Tuff IVa. Leakey, L., and Leakey, M. 1964. Recent discoveries of fossil hominids in tanganyika: at Olduvai and near Lake Natron. Nature 202:5-7. Crowns of teeth not preserved. Bed IVA determined on basis of matrix adhering to L-TEM-f and PAL. Specimen previously housed at National Museum of Kenya. 264 - Leakey family expedition No L-TEM-f & PAL found with matrix adhering. Mammalia Primates Anthropoidea Haplorhini Hominoidea Hominidae Homininae Hominini Homo erectus No